Affirmative to Negative
1. Affirmative Sentence এ only বা alone থাকলে, ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে none but, বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে nothing but এবং সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে not more than / হবে।
Example:
Affirmative: Rahim gave me only a book.
Negative: Rahim gave me nothing but a book.
Affirmative: Jeet is only 10 years old.
Negative: jeet is not more than 10 years old.
2. Affirmative sentence এ must থাকলে negative Sentence এ cannot but / cannot help বসে। তবে cannot help লিখলে Verb + ing লিখতে হয়।
Example: We must do it .
Neg: we cannot but do it.
3. Affirmative sentence এ always থাকলে negative sentence এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে always এর পরিবর্তে never বসে এবং affirmative word টির বিপরীত শব্দ বসবে। example: affi: Always speak the truth.
Neg: Never tell a lie.
4. Every যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative sentence করতে হলে, Tense অনুসারে there is no........... but কিম্বা There was not............... but বসবে।
Example: aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
5. To be verb / to have verb / modal verb থাকলে এদের পর not বসবে এবং adjective / adverb/ verb এর বিপরীতার্থক শব্দ বসবে।
Example: aff: She is a good student.
Neg: She is not a bad student.
★★ Model verb : shall, will, can, could, may, might, should ইত্যাদি।
6. Affirmative sentence এর person ও Tense অনুসারে donot/ doesnot/ didnot/ বসিয়ে এবং adjective/ adverb টির বিপরীত শব্দ বসিয়ে negative sentence বানানো হয়।example: aff: priota walks slowly.
Neg: priota doesn’t walk fast.
7. Affirmative sentence এ Both................ and থাকলে negative sentence এ not only..... ….............. But also হবে।
example: aff: Botha raj and raja can do the work.
Neg: Not only Raj But also Raja can do the work.
8. Affirmative Sentence এ Too.............to থাকলে negative sentence এ So.......... That + subject + cannot / could not + verb + বাকী অংশ ।
example: aff: Jarif is too weak to walk.
Neg: Jarif is so weak that he cannot walk.
9. As soon as যুক্ত affirmative sentence কে negative করতে হলে;
No sooner had + Subject + verb এর past participle + extension + than + principle clause.
Example: aff: As soon as he come here, I met him.
Neg: No sooner had he come here than I met him.
Assertive To Interrogative
1. Assertive Sentence এ to be verb / to have verb থাকলে সেই verbটি Interrogative sentence এর শুরুতে বসবে। বাক্যটি affirmative হলে negative হবে। আর negative হলে affirmative হবে।
example: ass: Kamal was a good boy. Inte: Wasn’t Kamal a good boy.?
Ass: They are not playing.
Inter: Are they playing?
2. Assertive sentence টি affirmative হলে Tense, person অনুসারে Don’t / Doesn’t /Didn’t বসিয়ে Interrogative sentence করা হয়।
অপরপক্ষে; assertive sentence negative হলে Interrogative sentence এর শুরুতে Do /Does/ Did হয়।
example: assertive: Rahul plays very well. Interrogative: Doesn’t Rahul play very well?
3. Assertive sentence এ everybody, everyone, all থাকলে এদের পরিবর্তে Tense অনুসারে....
Who+ doesn’t / didn’t বসিয়ে Interrogative sentence করতে হয়।
example: assertive :Everybody knows him. Interrogative: who doesn’t know him?
4. Assertive Sentence এ Nobody / None থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে Who বসিয়ে Interrogative sentence বানাতে হয়।
Example:Assertive: Nobody believes a liar. Interrogative: Who believes a liar?
Assertive to Imperative
1. Assertive Sentence এর Subject যদি second person ( you) হয় তবে মূল verb দ্বারা শুরু হবে। এক্ষেত্রে মূল verb এর পূর্বের অংশ বাদ যাবে। তবে assertive sentence টি না বোধক হলে ' Do not + verb ' দ্বারা বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
Example: assertive: you should not run in the sun.
Imperative: Don’t run in the sun.
Assertive: You must obey your parents. Imperative: Obey your parents.
2. Assertive Sentence এ যদি Request শব্দটি থাকে তবে Imperative করতে হবে please / Kindly + Verb দ্বারা sentence টি শুরু হবে।Example: assertive: I request you to do it. Imperative: Please, do it.
3. Assertive Sentence এর subject যদি 1st person বা 3rd person হয় তবে Imperative Sentence টি Let দ্বারা শুরু হবে।
Let + Objective pronoun + verb + extension.
Example: assertive:He should do the sum. Imperative: Let him do the sum.
4. Never যুক্ত assertive Sentence কে imperative sentence করার নিয়ম।
Never + প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর base form + verb এর পরের অংশ।
Example:
assertive: You should never do this. Imperative: Never do this.
5. First person বা third personযুক্ত assertive sentence এ Not থাকলে Imperative sentence করার নিয়মঃ
Let + প্রদত্ত sub এর objective form + প্রদত্ত verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।
example:
Assertive: we donot hate the poor. Imperative: Let's not hate the poor.
Assertive to Exclamatory
1. Sentence এ I wish থাকলে I wish এর পরিবর্তে If বসিয়ে Exclamatory করা যায়।Example:
Assertive: I wish I were a bird. Exclamatory: If I were a bird!
2. Sentence এ verb / great থাকলে এদের পরিবর্তে what a/ an অথবা How বসিয়ে শুরু হয়। এক্ষেত্রে a/an থাকলে what a /an। এবং a/an না থাকলে How হবে।
what/ How + adjective + sub + verb+! Example:
Assertive: The picture is very nice. Exclamatory: How nice the pic is! Assertive: You are a great fool. Exclamatory: what a fool you are!
3. Assertive sentence এ It is a matter of joy. থাকলে exclamatory sentence করতে হলে Hurrah! বসাতে হবে।
example:
Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we have done well.
Exclamatory : Hurrah! We have done this.
4. Assertive sentence এ it is matter of sorrow that থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে Alas! হবে।Example:
Assertive: It is a matter of sorrow that I am finished.
Exclamatory: Alas! I am finished.